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- BUSINESS, Page 42The Bruising Battle Abroad
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- Mitsubishi's Coilplus subsidiary, a manufacturer of precision
- steel products, didn't just plop down its new $16 million plant
- in Will County, Ill., three years ago by chance. The county, 35
- miles south of Chicago, prevailed in an intense 15-month bidding
- contest against 20 other sites in Illinois and neighboring Iowa,
- Indiana and Wisconsin. Will County won by building a $300,000
- road, finding $150,000 in state funds for a training program,
- extending a railroad spur to the plant's back door, negotiating
- with the owner of the 37-acre site to drop its price, and even
- renaming its county highway for Coilplus.
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- Virtually every state is going after a piece of the $400
- billion worth of foreign investment in the U.S., and the fight
- is getting ugly. Ruth Fitzgerald, Will County's
- take-no-prisoners development director, has brought 13,000 new
- jobs into the county (pop. 357,313) since 1985 and has no
- illusions about the painful struggles involved. "You have county
- against county, city against city and state against state," she
- says. "You have to wonder whether pitting states against each
- other is worth the return in the long term."
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- The number of state development offices abroad, which
- function almost like consulates, has doubled in the past five
- years, to 160. Illinois has more foreign offices than many small
- nations; it has outposts in Moscow, Shenyang, Brussels, Warsaw,
- Budapest, Toronto, Mexico City, Hong Kong and Osaka. No fewer
- than 38 states -- plus San Bernardino, Calif., and Houston --
- maintain offices in Tokyo.
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- Has the competition grown too intense? It has resulted in
- incentives, tax concessions and other subsidies that end up
- costing an average of $50,000 for every new job created. Even
- those jobs may be something of an illusion. The eight new
- Japanese car plants built mainly in the South in the past
- decade, for example, have resulted in 26,800 new jobs, but
- 250,000 auto industry assembly-line jobs were lost during the
- same period. "That is not new investment," points out C.K.
- Prahalad, international management professor at the University
- of Michigan School of Business. "It is substitute investment."
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- Beyond that, the way many states market their availability
- raises discomfiting questions. Too often the fat, glossy
- brochures of Kentucky pastures, Minnesota lakes, South Dakota
- prairies, Houston skylines and Indiana sunsets convey not who
- Americans are but what foreign investors want to see -- mainly
- people who are white, rural, nonunion, eager to work hard and
- unlikely ever to make any trouble. Sometimes the pitch seems
- meek and submissive. Listen, for example, to Mike Doyle,
- international development director of the State of Iowa: "Iowa
- has a lot in common with Japan. We like to promote the
- homogeneous relationships within Iowa. We are a morally
- conservative state that appeals well to Asiatic society. Iowans
- also revere their elders and share the values of extended family
- life."
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- Proponents of states battling one another before the rest
- of the world say the competition not only builds business but
- also leads to better educational systems, infrastructures and
- governments. They are probably right. Further, even substitute
- investment like those Japanese car plants can be good for the
- economy. Because American resources are now used more
- efficiently in making cars, Americans in general are better off.
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- But warring states pose a problem that warring companies
- do not. The battle's enthusiasts could do worse than reread the
- discourse of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in
- The Federalist Papers on the core principles of the nation's
- founding two centuries ago. One of a central government's most
- constructive tasks, Hamilton argued, was to extinguish "that
- secret jealousy which disposes all states to aggrandize
- themselves at the expense of their neighbors." The danger is
- that in fighting for advantage, individual states may harm the
- U.S. as a whole.
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- By William McWhirter/Detroit. With reporting by Barry
- Hillenbrand/Tokyo
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