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TIME: Almanac 1993
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TIME Almanac 1993.iso
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052791
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1992-08-28
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BUSINESS, Page 42The Bruising Battle Abroad
Mitsubishi's Coilplus subsidiary, a manufacturer of precision
steel products, didn't just plop down its new $16 million plant
in Will County, Ill., three years ago by chance. The county, 35
miles south of Chicago, prevailed in an intense 15-month bidding
contest against 20 other sites in Illinois and neighboring Iowa,
Indiana and Wisconsin. Will County won by building a $300,000
road, finding $150,000 in state funds for a training program,
extending a railroad spur to the plant's back door, negotiating
with the owner of the 37-acre site to drop its price, and even
renaming its county highway for Coilplus.
Virtually every state is going after a piece of the $400
billion worth of foreign investment in the U.S., and the fight
is getting ugly. Ruth Fitzgerald, Will County's
take-no-prisoners development director, has brought 13,000 new
jobs into the county (pop. 357,313) since 1985 and has no
illusions about the painful struggles involved. "You have county
against county, city against city and state against state," she
says. "You have to wonder whether pitting states against each
other is worth the return in the long term."
The number of state development offices abroad, which
function almost like consulates, has doubled in the past five
years, to 160. Illinois has more foreign offices than many small
nations; it has outposts in Moscow, Shenyang, Brussels, Warsaw,
Budapest, Toronto, Mexico City, Hong Kong and Osaka. No fewer
than 38 states -- plus San Bernardino, Calif., and Houston --
maintain offices in Tokyo.
Has the competition grown too intense? It has resulted in
incentives, tax concessions and other subsidies that end up
costing an average of $50,000 for every new job created. Even
those jobs may be something of an illusion. The eight new
Japanese car plants built mainly in the South in the past
decade, for example, have resulted in 26,800 new jobs, but
250,000 auto industry assembly-line jobs were lost during the
same period. "That is not new investment," points out C.K.
Prahalad, international management professor at the University
of Michigan School of Business. "It is substitute investment."
Beyond that, the way many states market their availability
raises discomfiting questions. Too often the fat, glossy
brochures of Kentucky pastures, Minnesota lakes, South Dakota
prairies, Houston skylines and Indiana sunsets convey not who
Americans are but what foreign investors want to see -- mainly
people who are white, rural, nonunion, eager to work hard and
unlikely ever to make any trouble. Sometimes the pitch seems
meek and submissive. Listen, for example, to Mike Doyle,
international development director of the State of Iowa: "Iowa
has a lot in common with Japan. We like to promote the
homogeneous relationships within Iowa. We are a morally
conservative state that appeals well to Asiatic society. Iowans
also revere their elders and share the values of extended family
life."
Proponents of states battling one another before the rest
of the world say the competition not only builds business but
also leads to better educational systems, infrastructures and
governments. They are probably right. Further, even substitute
investment like those Japanese car plants can be good for the
economy. Because American resources are now used more
efficiently in making cars, Americans in general are better off.
But warring states pose a problem that warring companies
do not. The battle's enthusiasts could do worse than reread the
discourse of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in
The Federalist Papers on the core principles of the nation's
founding two centuries ago. One of a central government's most
constructive tasks, Hamilton argued, was to extinguish "that
secret jealousy which disposes all states to aggrandize
themselves at the expense of their neighbors." The danger is
that in fighting for advantage, individual states may harm the
U.S. as a whole.
By William McWhirter/Detroit. With reporting by Barry
Hillenbrand/Tokyo